Synonyms:
Rosina, Long needle pine, Colophonium, Pine resin
Biological source:
Colophony is the solid residue of turpentine oil left after distilling the
crude oleo resin obtained from Pinus species like Pinus palustris, P. echinata, P. maritime, P.
longifolia.
Family:
Pinaceae.
Geographical source:
It is mainly prepared in Pakistan, South East USA, North America,
South West France, Europe and India
Collection and Preparation:
Nearly 80 species of Pinaceae family are available from which the oleo resin, a mixture of
turpentine oil and colophony is collected. The trees contains normal oleo resin but in small
quantity. After incision the new oleo resin containing ducts are formed which produces good
amount of oleo resin. This oleo resin is collected and kept in copper distilling vessels with
water and heated. Turpentine oil is distilled oil and colophony left as residue forms and
collected.
Macroscopical Characters:
Colour: Amber coloured or sometimes Yellowish to yellowish brown.
Odour: Faint.
Taste: Angular, Translucent masses.
Size: Varies in size.
Appearance:
Glossy appearance with brittle nature.
It has solubility in alcohol, chloroform, ether, fixed oil, essential oils, light petroleum and
glacial acetic acid but insoluble in water.
Chemical Constituents:
It mainly contains unsaturated resin acids principally abietic acid,
esters of oleic acids, volatile oil , resenes , sapenic acid, pimaric
acid etc. The unsaponifiable matter of colophony contains high molecular weight alcohols
and hydrocarbons.
Chemical Test:
1. Dissolve 1 gm of drug into 10 ml acetic anhydride and heat gently. Now add drop of
sulphuric acid which gives bright red colour changes to violet colour.
2. Dissolve drug in light petroleum ether and make up the double volume with dilute
copper acetate solution.
Uses:
It is used as diuretic, stimulant, ointment preparation, varnishes manufacturing, insulators,
soaps, ink preparations. It is also used in flooring preparation, soldering compounds,
mastics and pressure sensitive adhesive manufacturing.
Adulterant:
It is adulterated with black resin and apic resin.
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