8.1 Which of the following is a noncatecholamine sympathomimetic
A. Adrenaline
B. Ephedrine
C. Dopamine
D. Isoprenaline
8.2 The rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of catecholamines is:
A. Tyrosine hydroxylase
B. Dopa decarboxylase
C. Dopamine β-hydroxylase
D. Noradrenaline N-methyl transferase
8.3 The most efficacious inhibitor of catecholamine synthesis in the body is:
A. α-methyl-p-tyrosine
B. α-methyldopa
C. α-methyl-norepinephrine
D. Entacapone
8.4 Tyramine induces release of noradrenaline from adrenergic nerve endings:
A. By depolarizing the axonal membrane
B. By mobilizing Ca2+
C. By a nonexocytotic process
D. Only in the presence of MAO inhibitors
8.5 The following type/types of noradrenaline uptake is blocked by reserpine:
A. Axonal uptake
B. Granular uptake
C. Extraneuronal uptake
D. All of the above
8.6 The principal process which terminates the action of noradrenaline released from adrenergic nerve ending is:
A. Degradation by MAO
B. Methylation by COMT
C. Axonal uptake
D. Extraneuronal uptake
8.7 Which of the following is not the basis for subclassifying β adrenergic receptors into β1 and β2 :
A. Selectivity of agonists
B. Selectivity of antagonists
C. Transducer pathway of response effectuation
D. Organ selective location
(Note: Both β1 and β2 adrenoceptors utilize the adenylyl cyclase-cyclic AMP pathway.)
8.8 The β3 adrenoceptor differs from the other subtypes of β receptor in that it:
A. Is not blocked by the conventional doses of propranolol
B. Is located primarily in the heart
C. Regulates blood sugar level
D. Is not coupled to G proteins
8.9 The α2 adrenoceptors are:
A. Located exclusively on the adrenergic nerve endings
B. Prejunctional, postjunctional as well as extrajunctional in location
C. Selectively activated by phenylephrine
D. Selectively blocked by clonidine
8.10 The following is a selective α2 adrenoceptor antagonist:
A. Prazosin
B. Phentolamine
C. Yohimbine
D. Clonidine
8.11 A sympathomimetic amine that acts almost exclusively by releasing noradrenaline from the nerve
endings is:
A. Ephedrine
B. Dopamine
C. Isoprenaline
D. Tyramine
8.12 The following sympathomimetic amine has agonistic action on α1 + α2 + β1 + β3 adrenoceptors, but not on β2 receptors:
A. Adrenaline
B. Noradrenaline
C. Isoprenaline
D. Phenylephrine
8.13 The following action of adrenaline is mediated by both
α and β receptors producing the same directional effect:
A. Cardiac stimulation
B. Intestinal relaxation
C. Dilatation of pupil
D. Bronchodilatation
8.14 The following action of adrenaline is not mediated by β
receptors:
A. Dilatation of blood vessels
B. Dilatation of pupil
C. Bronchodilation
D. Renin release from kidney
8.15 Low doses of adrenaline dilate the following vascular bed:
A. Cutaneous
B. Mucosal
C. Renal
D. Skeletal muscle
8.16 Vasomotor reversal phenomenon after administration
of an α adrenergic blocker is seen with:
A. Adrenaline
B. Noradrenaline
C. Isoprenaline
D. All of the above drugs
8.17 Adrenergic β2 agonists produce muscle tremor by:
A. Facilitating neuromuscular transmission
B. Incomplete fusion of contractile response of individual fibres
C. Enhanced firing of muscle spindles
D. Both (b) and (c) are correct
8.18 Adrenaline is inactive orally because it is:
A. Not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract
B. Destroyed by gastric acid
C. Completely metabolized in the intestinal mucosa and liver before reaching systemic circulation
D. Taken up by adrenergic nerve endings of the intestinal wall, liver and lungs
8.19 Adrenaline raises blood glucose level by the following actions except:
A. Inducing hepatic glycogenolysis
B. Inhibiting insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells
C. Augmenting glucagon secretion from pancreatic α cells
D. Inhibiting peripheral glucose utilization
8.20 The metabolic actions of adrenaline include the following except:
A. Glycogenolysis in liver and muscle
B. Inhibition of neoglucogenesis in liver
C. Lipolysis in adipose tissue
D. Release of potassium from liver followed by its uptake
8.21 Noradrenaline is administered by:
A. Subcutaneous injection
B. Intramuscular injection
C. Slow intravenous infusion
D. All of the above routes
8.22 Dopaminergic D1 and D2 as well as adrenergic α and β1, but not β2 receptors are activated by:
A. Dopamine
B. Dobutamine
C. Methoxamine
D. Phenylephrine
8.23 Dobutamine differs from dopamine in that:
A. It does not activate peripheral dopaminergic receptors
B. It does not activate adrenergic β receptors
C. It causes pronounced tachycardia
D. It has good blood-brain barrier penetrability
8.24 Choose the drug which is used as a short-term inotropic in severe congestive heart failure and has selective adrenergic β1 agonistic activity but no dopaminergic
agonistic activity:
A. Dopamine
B. Dobutamine
C. Amrinone
D. Salmeterol
8.25 Ephedrine is similar to adrenaline in the following feature:
A. Potency
B. Inability to penetrate blood-brain barrier
C. Duration of action
D. Producing both α and β adrenergic effects
8.26 At therapeutic doses, actions of amphetamine include the following except:
A. Prolongation of attention span
B. Wakefulness
C. Lowering of seizure threshold
D. Delaying fatigue
8.27 Amphetamine potentiates the following class of drugs:
A. Diuretics
B. Analgesics
C. Neuroleptics
D. Antihypertensives
8.28 Which pressor agent acts directly as well as indirectly
and produces both vasoconstriction and cardiac stimulation:
A. Phenylephrine
B. Methoxamine
C. Noradrenaline
D. Mephentermine
8.29 Phenylephrine instilled in the eye produces:
A. Mydriasis but no cycloplegia
B. Cycloplegia but no mydriasis
C. Both mydriasis and cycloplegia
D. Neither mydriasis nor cycloplegia
8.30 While undergoing a surgical procedure a patient develops hypotension. Which drug can be injected intramuscularly to raise his BP:
A. Noradrenaline
B. Isoprenaline
C. Mephentermine
D. Isoxsuprine
8.31 Which of the following drugs has been used both as orally active nasal decongestant as well as appetite suppressant, and has been implicated in precipitating haemorrhagic stroke:
A. Dexfenfluramine
B. Phenylpropanolamine
C. Isoxsuprine
D. Oxymetazoline
8.32 The following is true of fenfluramine except:
A. It lacks CNS stimulant action
B. Its use has been associated with cardiac abnormalities and pulmonary hypertension
C. It causes weight loss independent of reduced food intake
D. It enhances serotonergic transmission in the brain
8.33 Choose the correct statement about sibutramine:
A. It is an anorectic drug used to assist weight reduction
B. It is an atypical antidepressant
C. It is a 5-HT1D receptor antagonist
D. Both A and C are correct
8.34 Vasoconstrictors should not be used in:
A. Neurogenic shock
B. Haemorrhagic shock
C. Secondary shock
D. Hypotension due to spinal anaesthesia
8.35 Adrenaline injected with a local anaesthetic:
A. Reduces local toxicity of the local anaesthetic
B. Reduces systemic toxicity of the local anaesthetic
C. Shortens duration of local anaesthesia
D. Makes the injection less painful
8.36 The most likely complication of prolonged use of nasal decongestant drops is:
A. Atrophic rhinitis
B. Hypertrophy of nasal mucosa
C. Naso-pharyngeal moniliasis
D. Blockage of eustachian tubes
8.37 Isoxsuprine increases limb blood flow in normal individuals, but is of limited efficacy in Buerger’s disease, because in this disease:
A. Vasodilator β adrenoceptors are deficient
B. There is loss of sympathetic innervation
C. Blood flow to the affected limb is reduced by organic obstruction
D. The drug is not delivered to the affected site
8.38 Dexamphetamine produces an apparently paradoxical effect in:
A. Addicts
B. Athletes
C. Parkinsonian patients
D. Hyperkinetic children
8.1 B 8.2 A 8.3 A 8.4 C 8.5 B 8.6 C 8.7 C 8.8 A 8.9 B 8.10 C 8.11 D 8.12 B 8.13 B 8.14 B 8.15 D 8.16 A 8.17 D 8.18 C 8.19 D 8.20 B 8.21 C 8.22 A 8.23 A 8.24 B 8.25 D 8.26 C 8.27 B 8.28 D 8.29 A 8.30 C 8.31 B 8.32 C 8.33 A 8.34 C 8.35 B 8.36 A 8.37 C 8.38 D