Antimicrobial Drugs
>>>Part 2
47.1 Choose the antimicrobial which acts by interfering
with DNA function in the bacteria:
A. Chloramphenicol
B. Ciprofloxacin
C. Streptomycin
D. Vancomycin
47.2 Which antibiotic is primarily bacteriostatic but
becomes bactericidal at higher concentrations:
A. Erythromycin
B. Tetracycline
C. Chloramphenicol
D. Ampicillin
47.3 Select the antibiotic that has a high therapeutic index:
A. Streptomycin
B. Doxycycline
C. Cephalexin
D. Vancomycin
47.4 The following organism is notorious for developing
antimicrobial resistance rapidly:
A. Streptococcus pyogenes
B. Meningococcus
C. Treponema pallidum
D. Escherichia coli
47.5 Widespread and prolonged use of an antibiotic leads
to emergence of drug resistant strains because antibiotics:
A. Induce mutation in the bacteria
B. Promote conjugation among bacteria
C. Allow resistant strains to propagate preferentially
D. All of the above
47.6 The most important mechanism of concurrent
acquisition of multidrug resistance among bacteria is:
A. Mutation
B. Conjugation
C. Transduction
D. Transformation
47.7 Drug destroying type of bacterial resistance is
important for the following antibiotics except:
A. Cephalosporins
B. Tetracyclines
C. Chloramphenicol
D. Aminoglycosides
47.8 Acquisition of inducible energy dependent efflux
proteins by bacteria serves to:
A. Secrete exotoxins
B. Enhance virulance
C. Lyse host tissue
D. Confer antibiotic resistance
47.9 Methicillin resistant staphylococci do not respond to
β-lactam antibiotics because:
A. They produce a β-lactamase which destroys methicillin and related drugs
B. They elaborate an amidase which destroys methicillin and related drugs
C. They have acquired penicillin binding protein which has low affinity for β-lactam antibiotics
D. They are less permeable to β-lactam antibiotics
47.10 The following strategy will promote rather than curb
emergence of antibiotic resistant micro-organisms:
A. Whenever possible use broad spectrum antibiotics
B. Prefer a narrow spectrum antibiotic to a broad spectrum one if both are equally effective
C. Prefer short and intensive courses of antibiotics
D. Use antibiotic combinations for prolonged therapy
47.11 Superinfections are more common with:
A. Use of narrow spectrum antibiotics
B. Short courses of antibiotics
C. Use of antibiotics that are completely absorbed from the small intestines
D. Use of antibiotic combinations covering both gram positive and gram negative bacteria
47.12 The following organisms are frequently responsible
for superinfections except:
A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
B. Salmonella typhi
C. Clostridium difficile
D. Candida albicans
47.13 Select the antibiotic whose dose must be reduced in
patients with renal insufficiency:
A. Ampicillin
B. Chloramphenicol
C. Tobramycin
D. Erythromycin
47.14 Which antimicrobial should be avoided in patients of liver disease:
A. Tetracycline
B. Cotrimoxazole
C. Cephalexin
D. Ethambutol
47.15 What is break point concentration of an antibiotic:
A. Concentration at which the antibiotic lyses the bacteria
B. Concentration of the antibiotic which demarkates between sensitive and resistant bacteria
C. Concentration of the antibiotic which overcomes bacterial resistance
D. Concentration at which a bacteriostatic antibiotic becomes bactericidal
47.16 A bactericidal antibiotic has the following characteristic(s):
A. Pronounced postantibiotic effect
B. Large difference between MBC and MIC values
C. Efficacy in the absence of host defence
D. All of the above
47.17 Bacteriostatic drugs are unlikely to effect cure of
bacterial infection in the following category of patients except:
A. Diabetic patients
B. Patients with allergic disorders
C. Patients on corticosteroid therapy
D. Subacute bacterial endocarditis patients
47.18 Antimicrobial drug combinations are aimed at achieving the following except:
A. Faster and more complete elimination of the infecting organism
B. Treat infection when nature and sensitivity of the infecting organism is not definite
C. Prevent emergence of resistant strains
D. Prevent superinfection
47.19 Which type of antimicrobial drug combination is most likely to exhibit antagonism:
A. Bactericidal + Bactericidal
B. Bactericidal + Bacteriostatic for a highly sensitive organism
C. Bactericidal + Bacteriostatic for a marginally sensitive organism
D. Bacteriostatic + Bacteriostatic
47.20 Select the drug combination which does not exhibit supraadditive synergism:
A. Nalidixic acid + Nitrofurantoin
B. Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid
C. Pyrimethamine + Sulfadoxine
D. Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim
47.21 Choose the condition which is mostly treated with a combination of antimicrobials:
A. Lobar pneumonia
B. Typhoid
C. Peritonitis
D. Syphilis
47.22 Prophylactic use of antibiotics is not justified in the following condition:
A. To prevent secondary infection in common cold
B. Thoroughly cleaned contaminated wound
C. Rheumatic fever in a child of 10 years
D. Catheterization of urethra in an elderly male
47.23 Antimicrobial prophylaxis is regularly warranted in the following:
A. Chronic obstructive lung disease patients
B. Neonates delivered by forceps
C. Anastomotic intestinal surgery
D. All of the above
47.24 Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis for clean elective surgery
started just before operation should be continued for:
A. One day
B. Three days
C. Five days
D. Seven days
47.25 Which of the following is not likely to be the cause
of failure of antimicrobial therapy of an acute infection:
A. Improper selection of drug and dose
B. Acquisition of resistance during treatment
C. Failure to drain the pus
D. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
Ans:
47.1 B 47.2 A 47.3 C 47.4D 47.5 C 47.6 B 47.7 B 47.8D 47.9 C 47.10 A 47.11D 47.12 B 47.13 C 47.14 A 47.15 B 47.16 C 47.17 B 47.18D 47.19 B 47.20 A 47.21 C 47.22 A 47.23 C 47.24 A 47.25 B
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